nodedef> name, id INT default  0, longid INT default 0, longest INT default 0
a,0
demand,1
note,2
is,3
type,4
of,5
united,6
states,7
paper,8
money,9
that,10
was,11
issued,12
between,13
august,14
1861,15
and,16
april,17
1862,18
during,19
the,20
american,21
civil,22
war,23
in,24
denominations,25
5,26
10,27
20,28
dollars,29
original,30
legislation,31
referred,32
to,33
currency,34
as,35
treasury,36
notes,37
term,38
applied,39
retroactively,40
because,41
were,42
redeemable,43
on,44
for,45
gold,46
coin,47
while,48
not,49
first,50
by,51
federal,52
government,53
they,54
wide,55
circulation,56
created,57
serve,58
means,59
monetary,60
exchange,61
place,62
silver,63
coins,64
vanishing,65
from,66
at,67
time,68
due,69
hoarding,70
commodities,71
u.s,72
used,73
pay,74
its,75
incurred,76
expenses,77
also,78
salaries,79
workers,80
military,81
personnel,82
once,83
public,84
learned,85
began,86
circulate,87
widely,88
had,89
distinctive,90
green,91
ink,92
reverse,93
all,94
nicknamed,95
greenbacks,96
however,97
other,98
such,99
interest,100
bearing,101
later,102
legal,103
tender,104
which,105
larger,106
quantities,107
known,108
this,109
nickname,110
obverse,111
contained,112
familiar,113
elements,114
bald,115
eagle,116
abraham,117
lincoln,118
alexander,119
hamilton,120
portraits,121
are,122
different,123
than,124
ones,125
seen,126
today,127
after,128
discontinued,129
replaced,130
with,131
like,132
thus,133
took,134
precedence,135
result,136
many,137
more,138
redeemed,139
exist,140
contents,141
hide,142
1,143
pre-issuance,144
2,145
post-issuance,146
o,147
2.1,148
production,149
figures,150
3,151
design,152
3.1,153
common,154
features,155
among,156
3.2,157
varieties,158
3.3,159
3.4,160
3.5,161
4,162
collecting,163
ability,164
see,165
6,166
references,167
edit,168
outbreak,169
union,170
needed,171
funding,172
efforts,173
employees,174
congress,175
responded,176
passing,177
act,178
july,179
17,180
allowed,181
250,000,000,182
be,183
borrowed,184
credit,185
sum,186
50,000,000,187
non-interest,188
less,189
fifty,190
ten,191
through,192
assistant,193
treasurers,194
offices,195
philadelphia,196
boston,197
new,198
york,199
hand,200
signed,201
or,202
second,203
comptroller,204
register,205
treasurer,206
supposed,207
counter-signed,208
any,209
officials,210
designated,211
secretary,212
these,213
signature,214
provisions,215
would,216
altered,217
several,218
times,219
stipulated,220
prior,221
december,222
31,223
an,224
individual,225
could,226
re-issued,227
into,228
it,229
presented,230
redemption,231
never,232
specified,233
what,234
another,235
reason,236
issuance,237
disappearance,238
government-issued,239
only,240
form,241
panic,242
drove,243
people,244
hoard,245
their,246
precious,247
metal,248
content.[2,249
reserves,250
become,251
depleted,252
issuing,253
ensured,254
supplies,255
easily,256
maintained.[3,257
readily,258
available,259
international,260
trade.[2,261
just,262
before,263
issue,264
led,265
modifications,266
treasurer's,267
office,268
st,269
louis,270
depository,271
cincinnati,272
stated,273
official,274
appointed,275
should,276
sign,277
under,278
did,279
need,280
carry,281
seal,282
bureau,283
engraving,284
printing,285
bank,286
company,287
national,288
contracted,289
create,290
both,291
companies,292
prominent,293
printers,294
banknotes,295
private,296
state-chartered,297
banks,298
throughout,299
country,300
most,301
likely,302
engraved,303
plates,304
printed,305
company.[5,306
idea,307
circulating,308
medium,309
lieu,310
then,311
1815,312
intended,313
coinage,314
retrospectively,315
small,316
some,317
3,392,994,318
50.[6,319
far,320
amount,321
50,322
million,323
authorized,324
but,325
circulated,326
almost,327
exclusively,328
eastern,329
rampant,330
exception,331
western,332
where,333
generally,334
very,335
and/or,336
publicly,337
accepted,338
types,339
predominately,340
useful,341
close,342
proximity,343
value,344
banknote,345
based,346
upon,347
nearby,348
location,349
essential,350
locations,351
making,352
them,353
nationally,354
usable,355
enable,356
essentially,357
broadly-circulating,358
initially,359
various,360
merchants,361
especially,362
rail,363
road,364
industry,365
discounted,366
rate,367
accept,368
order,369
ease,370
distrust,371
newly,372
circular,373
sent,374
payment,375
instructed,376
redeem,377
if,378
requested,379
willingness,380
well,381
put,382
par,383
purchasing,384
power,385
willing,386
notes.[5,387
hand-signed,388
f.e,389
spinner,390
l.e,391
chittenden,392
proved,393
unfeasible,394
procurators,395
seventy,396
women,397
hired,398
annual,399
salary,400
1,200,401
distinction,402
written,403
indicate,404
being,405
apparently,406
skilled,407
even,408
imitate,409
spinner.[5,410
late,411
added,412
simplify,413
hand-signing,414
operation,415
stopped,416
payable,417
days,418
revising,419
the".[7,420
28,421
worsening,422
economic,423
situation,424
forced,425
stop,426
redeeming,427
appear,428
treasures,429
great,430
numbers,431
february,432
12,433
additional,434
10,000,000,435
issued.[8,436
brought,437
final,438
possible,439
60,000,000,440
long,441
full,442
been,443
soon,444
followed,445
1863-issue,446
similar,447
respective,448
minor,449
changes,450
made,451
along,452
addition,453
unlike,454
despite,455
statement,456
will,457
bearer,458
promises,459
still,460
traded,461
premium,462
greater,463
over,464
depreciated,465
department,466
started,467
withdraw,468
advantage,469
practice,470
having,471
year,472
became,473
rarity,474
edgedef>node1,node2
a,demand
demand,note
note,is
is,a
a,type
type,of
of,united
united,states
states,paper
paper,money
money,that
that,was
was,issued
issued,between
between,august
august,1861
1861,and
and,april
april,1862
1862,during
during,the
the,american
american,civil
civil,war
war,in
in,denominations
denominations,of
of,5
5,10
10,and
and,20
20,dollars
dollars,original
original,legislation
legislation,referred
referred,to
to,the
the,currency
currency,as
as,treasury
treasury,notes
notes,the
the,term
term,demand
demand,note
note,was
was,applied
applied,retroactively
retroactively,because
because,the
the,notes
notes,were
were,redeemable
redeemable,on
on,demand
demand,for
for,gold
gold,coin
coin,while
while,demand
demand,notes
notes,were
were,not
not,the
the,first
first,type
type,of
of,paper
paper,money
money,issued
issued,by
by,the
the,united
united,states
states,federal
federal,government
government,they
they,were
were,the
the,first
first,in
in,wide
wide,circulation
circulation,demand
demand,notes
notes,were
were,created
created,to
to,serve
serve,as
as,a
a,means
means,of
of,monetary
monetary,exchange
exchange,in
in,place
place,of
of,gold
gold,and
and,silver
silver,coins
coins,that
that,were
were,vanishing
vanishing,from
from,circulation
circulation,at
at,the
the,time
time,due
due,to
to,hoarding
hoarding,of
of,commodities
commodities,the
the,u.s
u.s,government
government,used
used,the
the,notes
notes,to
to,pay
pay,its
its,incurred
incurred,expenses
expenses,and
and,also
also,to
to,pay
pay,the
the,salaries
salaries,of
of,its
its,workers
workers,and
and,military
military,personnel
personnel,once
once,the
the,public
public,learned
learned,the
the,notes
notes,were
were,redeemable
redeemable,in
in,gold
gold,coin
coin,the
the,notes
notes,began
began,to
to,circulate
circulate,as
as,widely
widely,as
as,gold
gold,and
and,silver
silver,coins
coins,had
had,because
because,of
of,the
the,distinctive
distinctive,green
green,ink
ink,used
used,on
on,the
the,reverse
reverse,of
of,all
all,demand
demand,notes
notes,the
the,notes
notes,were
were,nicknamed
nicknamed,greenbacks
greenbacks,however
however,other
other,u.s
u.s,government
government,issued
issued,notes
notes,of
of,the
the,time
time,such
such,as
as,interest
interest,bearing
bearing,notes
notes,and
and,the
the,later
later,legal
legal,tender
tender,notes
notes,which
which,issued
issued,in
in,larger
larger,quantities
quantities,were
were,also
also,known
known,by
by,this
this,nickname
nickname,the
the,obverse
obverse,of
of,the
the,notes
notes,contained
contained,familiar
familiar,elements
elements,such
such,as
as,a
a,bald
bald,eagle
eagle,abraham
abraham,lincoln
lincoln,and
and,alexander
alexander,hamilton
hamilton,the
the,portraits
portraits,used
used,on
on,demand
demand,notes
notes,are
are,different
different,than
than,the
the,ones
ones,seen
seen,on
on,u.s
u.s,currency
currency,today
today,after
after,demand
demand,notes
notes,were
were,discontinued
discontinued,they
they,were
were,replaced
replaced,with
with,legal
legal,tender
tender,notes
notes,legal
legal,tender
tender,notes
notes,of
of,the
the,time
time,however
however,were
were,not
not,redeemable
redeemable,in
in,coin
coin,like
like,demand
demand,notes
notes,and
and,thus
thus,demand
demand,notes
notes,took
took,precedence
precedence,as
as,a
a,result
result,many
many,more
more,demand
demand,notes
notes,were
were,redeemed
redeemed,and
and,not
not,as
as,many
many,notes
notes,exist
exist,today
today,contents
contents,hide
hide,null
null,1
1,pre-issuance
pre-issuance,null
null,2
2,post-issuance
post-issuance,o
o,2.1
2.1,production
production,figures
figures,null
null,3
3,design
design,o
o,3.1
3.1,common
common,features
features,among
among,denominations
denominations,o
o,3.2
3.2,common
common,varieties
varieties,among
among,denominations
denominations,o
o,3.3
3.3,5
5,notes
notes,o
o,3.4
3.4,10
10,notes
notes,o
o,3.5
3.5,20
20,notes
notes,null
null,4
4,collecting
collecting,ability
ability,null
null,5
5,see
see,also
also,null
null,6
6,references
references,edit
edit,pre-issuance
pre-issuance,after
after,the
the,outbreak
outbreak,of
of,the
the,civil
civil,war
war,in
in,1861
1861,the
the,union
union,needed
needed,funding
funding,for
for,its
its,war
war,efforts
efforts,and
and,to
to,pay
pay,its
its,employees
employees,congress
congress,responded
responded,by
by,passing
passing,the
the,act
act,of
of,july
july,17
17,1861
1861,which
which,allowed
allowed,for
for,250,000,000
250,000,000,to
to,be
be,borrowed
borrowed,on
on,the
the,credit
credit,of
of,the
the,united
united,states
states,of
of,this
this,sum
sum,50,000,000
50,000,000,was
was,to
to,be
be,issued
issued,in
in,non-interest
non-interest,bearing
bearing,demand
demand,notes
notes,in
in,denominations
denominations,less
less,than
than,fifty
fifty,dollars
dollars,and
and,not
not,less
less,than
than,ten
ten,dollars
dollars,the
the,notes
notes,were
were,to
to,be
be,redeemable
redeemable,through
through,the
the,assistant
assistant,treasurers
treasurers,offices
offices,at
at,philadelphia
philadelphia,boston
boston,and
and,new
new,york
york,they
they,were
were,to
to,be
be,hand
hand,signed
signed,by
by,the
the,first
first,or
or,second
second,comptroller
comptroller,of
of,currency
currency,or
or,the
the,register
register,of
of,the
the,treasurer
treasurer,they
they,were
were,also
also,supposed
supposed,to
to,be
be,counter-signed
counter-signed,by
by,any
any,other
other,treasury
treasury,officials
officials,designated
designated,by
by,the
the,secretary
secretary,of
of,the
the,treasury
treasury,these
these,signature
signature,provisions
provisions,would
would,later
later,be
be,altered
altered,several
several,times
times,this
this,act
act,also
also,stipulated
stipulated,that
that,prior
prior,to
to,december
december,31
31,1862
1862,an
an,individual
individual,demand
demand,note
note,could
could,be
be,re-issued
re-issued,into
into,circulation
circulation,after
after,it
it,was
was,presented
presented,for
for,redemption
redemption,this
this,act
act,however
however,never
never,specified
specified,what
what,the
the,notes
notes,could
could,be
be,redeemed
redeemed,for
for,1
1,another
another,reason
reason,for
for,demand
demand,notes
notes,issuance
issuance,was
was,the
the,disappearance
disappearance,of
of,gold
gold,and
and,silver
silver,coins
coins,from
from,circulation
circulation,these
these,government-issued
government-issued,coins
coins,were
were,the
the,only
only,form
form,of
of,legal
legal,tender
tender,at
at,the
the,time
time,the
the,panic
panic,of
of,war
war,drove
drove,people
people,to
to,hoard
hoard,coins
coins,due
due,to
to,their
their,precious
precious,metal
metal,content.[2
content.[2,the
the,reserves
reserves,of
of,gold
gold,and
and,silver
silver,of
of,the
the,united
united,states
states,began
began,to
to,become
become,depleted
depleted,issuing
issuing,paper
paper,money
money,ensured
ensured,that
that,supplies
supplies,could
could,more
more,easily
easily,be
be,maintained.[3
maintained.[3,also
also,gold
gold,and
and,silver
silver,could
could,be
be,more
more,readily
readily,available
available,for
for,international
international,trade.[2
trade.[2,just
just,before
before,their
their,issue
issue,the
the,act
act,of
of,august
august,5
5,1861
1861,led
led,to
to,several
several,modifications
modifications,to
to,the
the,issuing
issuing,of
of,demand
demand,notes
notes,it
it,allowed
allowed,for
for,demand
demand,notes
notes,to
to,be
be,issued
issued,in
in,denominations
denominations,of
of,not
not,less
less,than
than,5
5,and
and,be
be,redeemable
redeemable,through
through,the
the,assistant
assistant,treasurer's
treasurer's,office
office,at
at,st
st,louis
louis,or
or,the
the,depository
depository,in
in,cincinnati
cincinnati,this
this,act
act,also
also,stated
stated,that
that,treasurer
treasurer,of
of,the
the,u.s
u.s,and
and,register
register,of
of,the
the,treasury
treasury,or
or,any
any,treasury
treasury,official
official,appointed
appointed,by
by,the
the,secretary
secretary,of
of,the
the,treasury
treasury,should
should,sign
sign,the
the,notes
notes,under
under,this
this,act
act,demand
demand,notes
notes,did
did,not
not,need
need,to
to,carry
carry,the
the,seal
seal,of
of,the
the,u.s
u.s,treasury
treasury,4
4,because
because,the
the,bureau
bureau,of
of,engraving
engraving,and
and,printing
printing,did
did,not
not,exist
exist,at
at,the
the,time
time,the
the,american
american,bank
bank,note
note,company
company,and
and,national
national,bank
bank,note
note,company
company,were
were,contracted
contracted,to
to,create
create,demand
demand,notes
notes,both
both,companies
companies,were
were,prominent
prominent,printers
printers,of
of,banknotes
banknotes,for
for,private
private,and
and,state-chartered
state-chartered,banks
banks,throughout
throughout,the
the,country
country,most
most,likely
likely,the
the,american
american,bank
bank,note
note,company
company,engraved
engraved,the
the,printing
printing,plates
plates,for
for,5
5,and
and,10
10,notes
notes,while
while,the
the,national
national,bank
bank,note
note,company
company,engraved
engraved,the
the,printing
printing,plates
plates,for
for,the
the,20
20,notes
notes,all
all,of
of,the
the,demand
demand,notes
notes,were
were,printed
printed,by
by,the
the,american
american,bank
bank,note
note,company.[5
company.[5,the
the,idea
idea,of
of,issuing
issuing,paper
paper,money
money,as
as,a
a,circulating
circulating,medium
medium,in
in,lieu
lieu,of
of,precious
precious,metal
metal,coins
coins,was
was,not
not,a
a,new
new,idea
idea,then
then,only
only,once
once,however
however,in
in,1815
1815,had
had,the
the,u.s
u.s,treasury
treasury,issued
issued,non-interest
non-interest,bearing
bearing,notes
notes,that
that,were
were,intended
intended,to
to,circulate
circulate,in
in,the
the,place
place,of
of,coinage
coinage,these
these,are
are,retrospectively
retrospectively,referred
referred,to
to,as
as,small
small,treasury
treasury,notes
notes,some
some,3,392,994
3,392,994,were
were,issued
issued,in
in,denominations
denominations,of
of,3
3,5
5,10
10,20
20,and
and,50.[6
50.[6,this
this,was
was,far
far,less
less,of
of,an
an,amount
amount,than
than,the
the,50
50,million
million,dollars
dollars,authorized
authorized,for
for,demand
demand,notes
notes,however
however,not
not,only
only,that
that,but
but,small
small,treasury
treasury,notes
notes,circulated
circulated,almost
almost,exclusively
exclusively,to
to,the
the,eastern
eastern,united
united,states
states,banknotes
banknotes,issued
issued,by
by,private
private,and
and,state-chartered
state-chartered,banks
banks,however
however,were
were,rampant
rampant,throughout
throughout,the
the,country
country,at
at,the
the,time
time,with
with,the
the,exception
exception,of
of,the
the,western
western,united
united,states
states,where
where,paper
paper,money
money,generally
generally,was
was,not
not,very
very,common
common,and/or
and/or,publicly
publicly,accepted
accepted,these
these,types
types,of
of,banknotes
banknotes,were
were,predominately
predominately,only
only,useful
useful,in
in,a
a,close
close,proximity
proximity,to
to,the
the,issuing
issuing,bank
bank,the
the,value
value,of
of,a
a,banknote
banknote,was
was,based
based,upon
upon,its
its,ability
ability,to
to,be
be,redeemed
redeemed,in
in,coin
coin,thus
thus,a
a,nearby
nearby,bank
bank,location
location,was
was,essential
essential,demand
demand,notes
notes,on
on,the
the,other
other,hand
hand,would
would,later
later,be
be,redeemable
redeemable,at
at,5
5,u.s
u.s,government
government,locations
locations,throughout
throughout,the
the,country
country,thus
thus,making
making,them
them,nationally
nationally,usable
usable,3
3,this
this,would
would,enable
enable,demand
demand,notes
notes,to
to,essentially
essentially,become
become,the
the,first
first,broadly-circulating
broadly-circulating,non-interest
non-interest,bearing
bearing,paper
paper,money
money,issued
issued,by
by,the
the,united
united,states
states,federal
federal,government
government,6
6,edit
edit,post-issuance
post-issuance,initially
initially,various
various,merchants
merchants,banks
banks,and
and,especially
especially,the
the,rail
rail,road
road,industry
industry,accepted
accepted,the
the,notes
notes,at
at,a
a,discounted
discounted,rate
rate,or
or,did
did,not
not,accept
accept,them
them,all
all,in
in,order
order,to
to,ease
ease,public
public,distrust
distrust,in
in,the
the,newly
newly,issued
issued,notes
notes,a
a,circular
circular,was
was,sent
sent,to
to,the
the,5
5,payment
payment,locations
locations,and
and,instructed
instructed,the
the,assistant
assistant,treasurers
treasurers,to
to,redeem
redeem,the
the,notes
notes,in
in,gold
gold,coin
coin,if
if,requested
requested,this
this,also
also,created
created,willingness
willingness,of
of,banks
banks,to
to,redeem
redeem,the
the,notes
notes,for
for,coin
coin,as
as,well
well,this
this,put
put,demand
demand,notes
notes,on
on,par
par,with
with,the
the,value
value,and
and,purchasing
purchasing,power
power,of
of,gold
gold,coins
coins,thus
thus,the
the,public
public,was
was,more
more,willing
willing,to
to,accept
accept,the
the,notes.[5
notes.[5,they
they,could
could,be
be,redeemed
redeemed,for
for,silver
silver,coinage
coinage,as
as,well
well,2
2,initially
initially,the
the,notes
notes,were
were,hand-signed
hand-signed,by
by,f.e
f.e,spinner
spinner,treasurer
treasurer,and
and,l.e
l.e,chittenden
chittenden,register
register,of
of,the
the,treasury
treasury,however
however,this
this,proved
proved,unfeasible
unfeasible,and
and,congress
congress,authorized
authorized,the
the,notes
notes,to
to,be
be,signed
signed,by
by,procurators
procurators,seventy
seventy,women
women,were
were,hired
hired,at
at,an
an,annual
annual,salary
salary,of
of,1,200
1,200,to
to,sign
sign,the
the,notes
notes,a
a,distinction
distinction,of
of,for
for,the
the,was
was,written
written,before
before,a
a,signature
signature,to
to,indicate
indicate,that
that,it
it,was
was,being
being,used
used,in
in,place
place,of
of,treasury
treasury,officials
officials,apparently
apparently,some
some,skilled
skilled,women
women,could
could,even
even,imitate
imitate,the
the,signature
signature,of
of,f.e
f.e,spinner.[5
spinner.[5,in
in,late
late,august
august,for
for,the
the,was
was,added
added,to
to,printing
printing,plates
plates,to
to,simplify
simplify,the
the,hand-signing
hand-signing,operation
operation,the
the,american
american,bank
bank,note
note,company
company,stopped
stopped,printing
printing,notes
notes,payable
payable,at
at,st
st,louis
louis,and
and,cincinnati
cincinnati,several
several,days
days,after
after,revising
revising,printing
printing,plates
plates,with
with,for
for,the".[7
the".[7,after
after,december
december,28
28,1861
1861,a
a,worsening
worsening,economic
economic,situation
situation,forced
forced,banks
banks,to
to,stop
stop,redeeming
redeeming,demand
demand,notes
notes,for
for,gold
gold,coin
coin,the
the,notes
notes,then
then,began
began,to
to,appear
appear,at
at,assistant
assistant,treasures
treasures,offices
offices,in
in,great
great,numbers
numbers,for
for,redemption
redemption,2
2,the
the,act
act,of
of,february
february,12
12,1862
1862,allowed
allowed,for
for,an
an,additional
additional,10,000,000
10,000,000,in
in,demand
demand,notes
notes,to
to,be
be,issued.[8
issued.[8,this
this,act
act,brought
brought,the
the,final
final,possible
possible,amount
amount,of
of,demand
demand,notes
notes,that
that,could
could,be
be,issued
issued,to
to,a
a,sum
sum,of
of,60,000,000
60,000,000,not
not,long
long,after
after,on
on,april
april,1
1,1862
1862,the
the,full
full,60,000,000
60,000,000,in
in,demand
demand,notes
notes,had
had,been
been,issued
issued,issuance
issuance,of
of,legal
legal,tender
tender,notes
notes,soon
soon,followed
followed,demand
demand,notes
notes,the
the,obverse
obverse,of
of,1862
1862,and
and,1863-issue
1863-issue,5
5,10
10,and
and,20
20,legal
legal,tender
tender,notes
notes,were
were,very
very,similar
similar,in
in,design
design,to
to,the
the,respective
respective,demand
demand,notes
notes,various
various,minor
minor,changes
changes,were
were,made
made,along
along,with
with,the
the,addition
addition,of
of,the
the,u.s
u.s,treasury
treasury,seal
seal,legal
legal,tender
tender,notes
notes,unlike
unlike,demand
demand,notes
notes,were
were,not
not,redeemable
redeemable,in
in,coin
coin,despite
despite,a
a,statement
statement,of
of,will
will,pay
pay,to
to,the
the,bearer
bearer,on
on,demand
demand,or
or,promises
promises,to
to,pay
pay,the
the,bearer
bearer,on
on,the
the,note
note,demand
demand,notes
notes,still
still,on
on,par
par,with
with,gold
gold,then
then,traded
traded,at
at,a
a,premium
premium,with
with,legal
legal,tender
tender,notes
notes,and
and,also
also,had
had,greater
greater,purchasing
purchasing,power
power,over
over,the
the,newly
newly,issued
issued,depreciated
depreciated,notes
notes,once
once,legal
legal,tender
tender,notes
notes,were
were,in
in,circulation
circulation,the
the,u.s
u.s,treasury
treasury,department
department,started
started,to
to,withdraw
withdraw,as
as,many
many,demand
demand,notes
notes,as
as,possible
possible,from
from,circulation
circulation,the
the,advantage
advantage,to
to,this
this,practice
practice,would
would,be
be,not
not,having
having,to
to,redeem
redeem,the
the,notes
notes,for
for,coin
coin,a
a,year
year,after
after,their
their,issuance
issuance,demand
demand,notes
notes,became
became,a
a,rarity
rarity,in
in,circulation
circulation,5